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🇬🇪 Georgia
Capital: Tbilisi
Tbilisi, Georgia’s capital on the Mtkvari River
Tbilisi is the capital and largest city of Georgia, extending along both banks of the Mtkvari River. Archaeological evidence shows that the area was inhabited long before the medieval city developed. In the second half of the 5th century, King Vakhtang Gorgasali began building the city near its natural hot springs, and his successor Dachi later transferred the royal capital from Mtskheta to Tbilisi. The historic center still contains fortifications, churches, bathhouses and residential districts from different periods of the city’s development.
đź“ś Timeline of Tbilisi
5th Century: King Vakhtang Gorgasali begins the development of Tbilisi near the area’s hot springs.
Late 5th–6th Century: King Dachi completes further construction and transfers the capital from Mtskheta to Tbilisi.
1122: King David IV captures Tbilisi and makes it the capital of the unified Kingdom of Georgia.
1795: Much of Tbilisi is destroyed during the invasion of Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar.
1936: The Russian-derived form Tiflis is officially replaced by the modern name Tbilisi.
1991: Georgia restores its independence, with Tbilisi remaining the national capital.
Today: Tbilisi is the seat of Georgia’s national government and the country’s main administrative, educational and cultural center.
đź“Š Quick Stats
City Development Began
5th Century
Language
Georgian
Currency
Georgian Lari (GEL)
Geography
Eastern Georgia, along both banks of the Mtkvari River
Time Zone
Georgia Standard Time (GET, UTC+4)
Calling Code
+995
Driving Side
Right-hand traffic
🏛️ Iconic Landmarks
Narikala Fortress
The fortress overlooking Old Tbilisi is mentioned in historical records from the late 4th century. Its surviving walls reflect repeated rebuilding under different rulers over many centuries.
Abanotubani Sulphur Baths
The domed bathhouses of Abanotubani are supplied by naturally hot sulfur springs. The Georgian word tbili, meaning “warm,” is closely connected with the name Tbilisi.
Holy Trinity Cathedral
Also known as Sameba, the cathedral was built between 1996 and 2004 on Elia Hill. The complex contains nine churches and is one of the most prominent structures on Tbilisi’s skyline.
Tbilisi’s location on the Mtkvari River and around natural hot springs has influenced its development for more than fifteen centuries. Narikala, Abanotubani, the medieval street pattern of Old Tbilisi and later districts such as Sololaki preserve visible layers of the city’s history alongside its present role as Georgia’s capital.
